It's a bit of a "how long is a piece of string" question as it depends on a number of variables.
I like to try and get to within 0.05mm to 0.1mm if I can before moving to the Jacot barrel/runner on my turns (I don't have a dedicated Jacot tool) although that can be a real challenge for me on the smaller pivots. I then use a pivot file to reduce it further before finishing off with the burnisher (my pivot files are double sided; file one side burnisher the other). The sort of factors that determine just how close you can get on the lathe are;
Target pivot size; the bigger it is the easier it is to get really close to it without risk of breaking the pivot.
How sharp your graver is; the sharper the better.
How quickly your pivot file cuts; you don't really want to be spending hours on the Jacot if you can get a bit closer on the lathe.
The quality of your stock material.
Your technique on both the lathe and the Jacot.
As OH said it's something that comes with experience and varies from person to person. What I would say is that even with a big pivot, a supremely sharp graver, top quality stock, and no coffee in the system, I would still leave enough fat on the pivot to burnish to size for the work hardening effect on the pivot surface.