Hi Fj,
It kind of depends on how the rogue mainspring differs from the correct spec.
Too thick a mainspring can result in the balance amplitude being so great that the impulse jewel actually bounces off the outside of the pallet fork before the balance reverses its direction of rotation, I believe this is called over-banking. This bounce can impart extra speed to the balance which would speed up the rate and make the watch run fast. This is an easy condition to identify as all you have to do is listen to the watch. In normal operation the tick is nice and even, but if over-banking is happening then it sounds somewhat like a galloping horse. This is not good for the impulse jewel or the pallet fork horns.
Too thin a main spring can cause the balance amplitude to be too low. Surprisingly enough, a very low balance amplitude can also result in an increase in rate, as can often be observed in a watch where the mainspring is almost fully unwound.
That being said, the first place I look if a watch is gaining unacceptably is the hairspring. Check that no coils are stuck together and that there is nothing fouling the coils in any positions.